All current browsers, at least that I know of, handle these authentication processes with no need for user intervention - the browser does all the heavy lifting to get this done. Generally, browsers will only prompt the user for credentials when something goes wrong with the flows shown above.
The same goes for many applications using various kinds of frameworks, like. NTLM Messages. You must be a registered user to add a comment. If you've already registered, sign in. Otherwise, register and sign in. Products 72 Special Topics 41 Video Hub Most Active Hubs Microsoft Teams. Security, Compliance and Identity. Microsoft Edge Insider. Azure Databases.
Autonomous Systems. Education Sector. Microsoft Localization. Microsoft PnP. Healthcare and Life Sciences. Internet of Things IoT. Enabling Remote Work. Small and Medium Business. Humans of IT. Green Tech. MVP Award Program. Video Hub Azure. Microsoft Business. NTLM must also be used for logon authentication on stand-alone systems. For more information about Kerberos, see Microsoft Kerberos. NTLM credentials are based on data obtained during the interactive logon process and consist of a domain name, a user name, and a one-way hash of the user's password.
Instead, the system requesting authentication must perform a calculation that proves it has access to the secured NTLM credentials. Interactive NTLM authentication over a network typically involves two systems: a client system, where the user is requesting authentication, and a domain controller, where information related to the user's password is kept.
Noninteractive authentication, which may be required to permit an already logged-on user to access a resource such as a server application, typically involves three systems: a client, a server, and a domain controller that does the authentication calculations on behalf of the server. The following steps present an outline of NTLM noninteractive authentication.
The first step provides the user's NTLM credentials and occurs only as part of the interactive authentication logon process. Interactive authentication only A user accesses a client computer and provides a domain name, user name, and password. The client computes a cryptographic hash of the password and discards the actual password.
Microsoft Windows supports two primary algorithms for locally authenticating users. Used for backward compatibility, this older hashing method has several inherit flaws, making it trivial for attackers to crack LM Hashes within minutes. Exclusively on by default in Windows Vista, 7, and Server , this hash is generated using the MD4 hashing algorithm. Whilst this reading does not require a technical understanding of how the NT Hash and the LM Hash are generated, some readers may like to broaden their understanding of how these hashes are generated.
The following paper provides an in depth discussion on the topic. Aside from this, the protocols for all intensive purposes operate exactly the same way. Client sends an authentication request to the Server. A protocol negotiation occurs between the Client and Server. The Server sends the Client a pseudo-random 8-byte challenge. The Client sends a byte response.
The Server authenticates the Client. Concatenate the response of all three outputs. Now, at first glance this protocol seems fairly sensible.
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