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Latest Articles. Data Security App Security Fill out the form and our experts will be in touch shortly to book your personal demo. Outside of an availability group with a cluster type of none, an availability group requires that all replicas are part of the same underlying cluster whether it is a WSFC or Pacemaker.
This means that in the picture above, the WSFC is stretched to work in two different data centers, which adds complexity. Stretching clusters across distance adds complexity. Introduced in SQL Server , a distributed availability group allows an availability group to span availability groups configured on different clusters.
This decouples the requirement to have the nodes all participate in the same cluster, which makes configuring disaster recovery much easier. For more information on distributed availability groups, see Distributed availability groups. FCIs can be used for disaster recovery. As with a normal availability group, the underlying cluster mechanism must also be extended to all locations, which adds complexity. There is an additional consideration for FCIs: the shared storage.
The same disks need to be available in the primary and secondary sites, so an external method such as functionality provided by the storage vendor at the hardware layer or using storage Replica in Windows Server, is required to ensure that the disks used by the FCI exist elsewhere.
Log shipping is one of the oldest methods of providing disaster recovery for SQL Server databases. Log shipping is often used with availability groups and FCIs to provide cost-effective and simpler disaster recovery where other options may be challenging due to environment, administrative skills, or budget.
Similar to the high availability story for log shipping, many environments will delay the loading of a transaction log to account for human error. When deploying new instances or upgrading old ones, a business can't tolerate long outage. This section will discuss how the availability features of SQL Server can be used to minimize the downtime in a planned architecture change, server switch, platform change such as Windows Server to Linux or vice versa , or during patching.
Other methods, such as using backups and restoring them elsewhere, can also be used for migrations and upgrades. They are not discussed in this paper. An existing instance containing one or more availability groups can be upgraded in place to later versions of SQL Server.
While this will require some amount of downtime, with the right amount of planning, it can be minimized. If the goal is to migrate to new servers and not change the configuration including the operating system or SQL Server version , those servers could be added as nodes to the existing underlying cluster and added to the availability group.
Once the replica or replicas are in the right state, a manual failover could occur to a new server, and then the old ones could be removed from the availability group, and ultimately, decommissioned. Finally, availability groups with a cluster type of None can also be used for migration or upgrading. You cannot mix and match cluster types in a typical availability group configuration, so all replicas would need to be a type of None. A distributed availability group can be used to span availability groups configured with different cluster types.
This method is also supported across the different OS platforms. All variants of availability groups for migrations and upgrades allow the most time consuming portion of the work to be done over time - data synchronization. When it comes time to initiate the switch to the new configuration, the cutover will be a brief outage versus one long period of downtime where all the work, including data synchronization, would need to be completed.
Availability groups can provide minimal downtime during patching of the underlying OS by manually failing over the primary to a secondary replica while the patching is being completed. From an operating system perspective, doing this would be more common on Windows Server since often, but not always, servicing the underlying OS may require a reboot.
Patching Linux sometimes needs a reboot, but it can be infrequent. Patching SQL Server instances participating in an availability group can also minimize downtime depending on how complex the availability group architecture is. To patch servers participating in an availability group, a secondary replica is patched first. Once the right number of replicas are patched, the primary replica is manually failed over to another node to do the upgrade. Any remaining secondary replicas at that point can be upgraded, too.
FCIs on their own cannot assist with a traditional migration or upgrade; an availability group or log shipping would have to be configured for the databases in the FCI and all other objects accounted for. A manual failover can be initiated, which means a brief outage instead of having the instance completely unavailable for the entire time that Windows Server is being patched.
Log shipping is still a popular option to both migrate and upgrade databases. Similar to availability groups, but this time using the transaction log as the synchronization method, the data propagation can be started well in advance of the server switch. At the time of the switch, once all traffic is stopped at the source, a final transaction log would need to be taken, copied, and applied to the new configuration.
At that point, the database can be brought online. Log shipping is often more tolerant of slower networks, and while the switch may be slightly longer than one done using an availability group or a distributed availability group, it is usually measured in minutes - not hours, days, or weeks.
Similar to availability groups, log shipping can provide a way to switch to another server in the event of patching. There are two other deployment methods for SQL Server on Linux: containers and using Azure or another public cloud provider. The general need for availability as presented throughout this paper exists regardless of how SQL Server is deployed.
These two methods have some special considerations when it comes to making SQL Server highly available. A container is a complete image of SQL Server that is ready to run. However, there is currently no native support for clustering, and thus, direct high availability or disaster recovery. Currently, the options to make SQL Server databases available using containers would be log shipping and backup and restore.
While an availability group with a cluster type of None can be configured, as noted earlier, it is not considered a true availability configuration. Microsoft is looking at ways to enable availability groups or FCIs using containers. If you are using containers today, if the container is lost, depending on the container platform, it can be deployed again and attached to the shared storage that was used.
Some of this mechanism is provided by the container orchestrator. Why Google close Discover why leading businesses choose Google Cloud Whether your business is early in its journey or well on its way to digital transformation, Google Cloud can help you solve your toughest challenges. Learn more. Key benefits Overview. Run your apps wherever you need them. Keep your data secure and compliant. Build on the same infrastructure as Google. Data cloud. Unify data across your organization.
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Data warehouse for business agility and insights. By definition, the DRP is only activated when the company suffers a real shutdown of its IT activities. If you want this IT recovery plan to perform well and enable you to quickly resume your activities, you must think it through well in advance of the actual onset of a cyber crisis. Allow an average of 3 months to design it. This is an indicative time frame, you might need more or less, depending on the size of your structure.
Once the cyberattack, computer failure or human error has been recorded at the expense of your infrastructure, the execution of your DRP should help minimise your operational downtime. The main mission of the Disaster Recovery Plan is to ensure a rapid restart of your operations. A too long interruption has an impact on your reputation, and as a consequence, on your financial value.
Moreover, if that one-off stop threatens the fulfillment of your regulatory and contractual obligations, you incur harmful legal consequences. Nevertheless, setting up a DRP does come at a cost. Yet, it pays for itself if you take into account the harmful consequences that it prevents for the company in the event of a cyberattack or an IT failure:.
The DRP relies on a third-party computer network and on data backups to ensure satisfactory IT operation. Like the BCP, the advantages of the Disaster Recovery Plan can only be appreciated if good practices are complied with. This is a plan that should be thought through and regularly tested. Its development takes time and a large budget to be effective. In general terms, it is first of all a matter of writing specification notes that determine the critical IT applications for your structure.
It is also a question of identifying which backup system you need to set up and which data backup model you opt for.
Your DRP must also provide for regular update measures. Depending on the sector of activity in which you operate, there are probably regulations and standards that govern the resumption of activity, including the methods of carrying out your DRP. The ISO standard thus organises business continuity management for a certain number of areas. The banking and finance sector is particularly affected by this type of regulatory obligation.
More broadly, each department will have to participate in its development to determine which IT applications are essential to the proper functioning of the company. In order to have a fluid and coherent DRP development, it may also be useful to appoint a person responsible for its implementation. They generally come from the IT department. Their role is to assess which infrastructures need to be backed up as a priority in the event of an IT shutdown, all of this after having consulted with the other departments.
The inventory of IT tools essential to an effective recovery of activity focuses on several elements:. The next step is to organise the applications according to their degree of criticality for the proper functioning of the company. In the day-to-day life of your organisation, some activities are less resilient to the unexpected shutdown of the IT than others.
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