The diagnosis of acute parvovirus infection is made by finding circulating IgM antibodies to parvovirus. IgG antibody could be evidence of a preexisting infection, but it has been found in a substantial number of healthy adults as well. Bassociated arthritis is usually self-limited and generally resolves in a few weeks.
Hepatitis Viruse s : Hepatitis A sometimes can cause arthralgias but usually no arthritis. Arthritis in patients with HBV is mediated through the formation and deposition of immune complexes. The symptoms of arthritis usually occur in the prodromal stage of the disease and could be without any other clinical manifestations of hepatitis.
The presence of rash and fever may provide clues to the underlying diagnosis. Immune complex formation and deposition are also considered the pathophysiologic mechanism for arthritis in patients with hepatitis C. HIV : The arthritis syndromes associated with HIV include many entities such as HIV-associated arthritis, reactive arthritis, septic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and rarely described painful articular syndrome.
EBV : Arthralgias are the most common joint manifestation of Epstein-Barr viral infection, with the rare case of arthritis causing occasional large joint swelling. The joint signs and symptoms are self-limited, and treatment is symptomatic.
A triggering role in the development of chronic inflammatory arthritis in RA has been proposed, but no definite evidence has been found. Alphaviruses : These viruses are mosquito-borne RNA viruses that cause epidemics of febrile arthralgia and polyarthritis. The most notable is CHIKV which has become very important in recent times with regards to global health and travel. The arthritis of CHIKV is typically symmetrical and most commonly involves the fingers, wrists, knees, and ankles.
Raynaud phenomenon has been reported as well in some patients. Flaviviruses : Dengue and Zika virus are prominent members of this group causing febrile illnesses and symptoms of joint pain and swelling. As with the above-mentioned alphaviruses, the geographical distribution of these viruses has significantly expanded in recent times.
Aedes aegypti is the principle vector for Dengue. Zika virus, known for its association with congenital microcephaly and fetal losses among women infected during pregnancy, also manifests with joint symptoms. Other viruses : Mumps, HTLV-1, rubella, and some enteroviruses can also cause arthralgia and arthritis.
Differential Diagnosis Lupus. Prognosis Viral arthritis is a mild self-limited disorder in most people. Enhancing Healthcare Team Outcomes Because of the difficulty in diagnosis, the disorder is best managed by an interprofessional team. Review Questions Access free multiple choice questions on this topic. Comment on this article. References 1. The molecular and cellular aspects of arthritis due to alphavirus infections: lesson learned from Ross River virus.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. Moore TL. Parvovirus-associated arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. Kerr JR. Pathogenesis of human parvovirus B19 in rheumatic disease. Ann Rheum Dis. The pathogenesis of arthritis associated with acute hepatitis-B surface antigen-positive hepatitis. Complement activation and characterization of circulating immune complexes. J Clin Invest. Ganem D, Prince AM. Hepatitis B virus infection--natural history and clinical consequences. N Engl J Med. The saliva and urine of children with CMV have high amounts of the virus.
Also, you should wash your hands after changing diapers. These cannot eliminate your risk of getting CMV, but may lessen the chances of getting it.
About 1 out of every babies is born with congenital CMV. About 1 out of 5 of these babies will have birth defects or other long-term health problems. Babies who show signs of congenital CMV at birth may be treated with medicines called antivirals. Antivirals may decrease the severity of health problems and hearing loss but should be used with caution due to side effects. Babies with signs of congenital CMV at birth are more likely to have long-term health problems, such as:.
Some babies with congenital CMV but without signs of disease at birth may still have or develop hearing loss. Hearing loss may be present at birth or may develop later in babies who passed their newborn hearing test. CMV is a widespread and common virus that can infect almost anyone. Complications of CMV infection vary, depending on your overall health and when you were infected. Rarely, CMV causes a healthy adult to develop mononucleosis. Other rare complications for healthy adults include problems with the digestive system, liver, brain and nervous system.
An infant whose mother first became infected with CMV during pregnancy is more likely to experience complications. Complications for the baby can include:. Careful hygiene is the best prevention against CMV. You can take these precautions:. If you have weakened immunity, you may benefit from taking antiviral medication to prevent CMV disease. Experimental vaccines are being tested for women of childbearing age. These vaccines may be useful in preventing CMV infection in mothers and infants, and reducing the chance that babies born to women who are infected while pregnant will develop disabilities.
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This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Cytomegalovirus CMV is a common virus. Diagnosing infectious mononucleosis when a mononucleosis screening procedure is negative and infectious mononucleosis or a complication of Epstein-Barr virus infection is suspected This assay is not intended for viral isolation or identification.
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